The engineering sector lacks diversity at all levels, particularly around gender balance. Progress has been made, but it is painfully slow.
When I started my degree, there were few enough women to get to know all their names fairly quickly. In the almost 20 years that followed, no significant change happened, despite gender balance being a talking point at the time.
The Women’s Engineering Society was established in the UK over 100 years ago – that’s a century of encouraging young women to take maths and physics in school and go on to study engineering at third level. Yet, a quick search of peer-reviewed research articles with keywords “women” and “engineering” gives hundreds of results from publications in 2023 alone. So, how are we still here, and what can we do about it?
Recently, I attended a STEM outreach event at a primary school, and we ran a practical activity for the pupils. At one point, a group of all girls were doing excellently, and a teacher highlighted this to a group of boys, saying something along the lines of: “Well are you going to be beaten by the girls?”
That may seem harmless enough, and the teacher may have just been encouraging some friendly competition, but language matters. If you have generation after generation of young boys and girls hearing that one group should be more adept, more interested, more successful than the other in engineering-type activities or learning, the result is where we are now.
Although current trends show that over 50% of third-level students are women, in engineering and technology it’s disappointingly only around 20%. Unsurprisingly, when there is greater gender balance in an engineering class, there are lower drop-out rates amongst the women in the cohort, but, interestingly, also fewer men drop out.
This imbalance is reflected in industry, where just 16.5% of professional engineers in the UK are women. That’s up approximately 6% over the previous decade, but still we are losing women to other industries. There are various reasons for this, but I cannot avoid stating that gender biased attitudes and discrimination play their role.
So many great careers are there for the taking
I am often asked why I chose to study engineering, and the short answer is money. I knew that there were jobs at the end of an engineering degree, but a job was all that mattered to me at the time. I subsequently discovered that it wasn’t just jobs available, but fantastic and varied careers.
To boast a bit about my former female classmates – there’s a mechanical operations manager for a global semiconductor manufacturer, an environmental and sustainability manager for a national utilities company, and a facilities and security manager for an international luxury goods corporation, to name but a few. And these careers and more are still there for the taking.
It is crucial that any industry with severe gender imbalance addresses the issue, as companies with more gender-diverse workforces tend to have better financial performance, higher productivity, and greater innovation.
In the engineering sector, this, additionally, can have a significant societal impact, as engineers play a vital role in addressing some of the most pressing global challenges, such as climate change and sustainable development. When women are involved, it can lead to more equitable and effective solutions to these challenges.
We all need to act
So, for the industry to have a better balance, we all need to act, and I urge anyone reading this to consider the following. Firstly, we need to start early by promoting STEM education at a young age – parents and teachers can encourage girls, and we as a society can be more mindful of the language we use.
Second, we need to provide mentorship to those young women involved in STEM subjects at second and third level. Visibility really helps, too, so call attention to all the successful STEM women you know or work with.
Lastly, it’s on companies to create inclusive and welcoming workplaces, where outdated attitudes are obsolete. Together, let’s speed up progress.
- To mark International Women in Engineering Day 2023 on June 23, RGU’s School of Engineering is hosting an event featuring female speakers from the world of engineering. Find out more here
Dr Clare O’Farrell is a lecturer and course leader for graduate apprenticeship engineering design and manufacture, based at RGU’s School of Engineering
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